A dated record of technical claims, not a single invention certificate
Patents provide the most concrete dated technical material currently assembled for this dossier. They show specific claimed devices and methods, but a patent’s title alone does not explain the complete commercial machine or establish who first invented permanent waving.
An early patent associated with Eugène François Suter and electrical heating arrangements. The complete specification and claims should be examined alongside the later legal dispute, rather than relying on secondary descriptions.
Permanent Waving Apparatus. The archive holds the original PDF. Its drawings and claims need a detailed component-by-component interpretation.
Permanent Waving. The document names multiple inventors. The co-inventors and claims must be recorded exactly as printed on the original.
Permanent Waving. Original PDF present in the archive; the specification is the next step for technical classification.
Permanent Waving. Multiple inventors appear on the original document; its relationship to earlier apparatus designs remains to be analysed.
Each patent needs five separate entries: named inventor or inventors, applicant or assignee where given, filing date, grant date and the precise subject of the claims. The drawings are invaluable for understanding arrangements, but the legal scope is defined by the claims, not by the illustration or the product’s advertising name.
The assertion that an “Eugène System” was patented in 1923 remains unconfirmed until an exact patent number and jurisdiction are established. A machine illustrated as manufactured in 1923 is not proof of a 1923 patent.